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 TED 財富讓人變得更壞? (3) (英文演講稿) 

演講者：社會心理學家 -  Paul Piff

Okay, and here's what I think was really, really interesting, is that at the end of the 15 minutes, we asked the players to talk about their experience during the game. And when the rich players talked about why they had inevitably won in this rigged game of Monopoly -- (Laughter) — they talked about what they'd done to buy those different properties and earn their success in the game, and they became far less attuned to all those different features of the situation, including that flip of a coin that had randomly gotten them into that privileged position in the first place. And that's a really, really incredible insight into how the mind makes sense of advantage.

Now this game of Monopoly can be used as a metaphor for understanding society and its hierarchical structure, where in some people have a lot of wealth and a lot of status, and a lot of people don't. They have a lot less wealth and a lot less status and a lot less access to valued resources. And what my colleagues and I for the last seven years have been doing is studying the effects of these kinds of hierarchies. What we've been finding across dozens of studies and thousands of participants across this country is that as a person's levels of wealth increase, their feelings of compassion and empathy go down, and their feelings of entitlement, of deservingness, and their ideology of self-interest increases. In surveys, we found that it's actually wealthier individuals who are more likely to moralize greed being good, and that the pursuit of self-interest is favorable and moral. Now what I want to do today is talk about some of the implications of this ideology self-interest, talk about why we should care about those implications, and end with what might be done.

單字：

1)     Monopoly  (N.) 壟斷； 專賣； 壟斷者； 專利品；(遊戲) 地產大亨

例句 1:  Women do not have a monopoly on feelings of betrayal.

例句 2:  "Monopoly" is one of the best-selling games of all time.

2)     attune  (V.) 使協調； <音>調音

例句 1:  The industry has helped attune women to signs of aging skin, and now they look to products for a solution, Mr. Rubin says.

例句 2:  Wei Di points out, magendatong Alibaba the attune on grade comes neuter.

3)     flip of  翻轉

例句 1:  That wasn't the end of Yasay's flip-flop.  

例句 2:  He does it with a single flip of the wrist.

4)     incredible   (Adj.) 不可思議的； 驚人的； 難以置信的； 未必可能的；妙極的;惹人喜愛的;了不起的

例句 1:  We should not dismiss as lies the incredible stories that children may tell us.

例句 2:  It was an incredible display of motherly love and forgiveness.

6)     metaphor (N.) 喻，暗喻； 象徵

例句 1:  The divided family remains a powerful metaphor for a society that continued to tear itself apart.

例句 2:  Despite the mixed metaphor, there is some truth in this judgement.

7)     hierarchical (Adj.) 按等級劃分的，等級（制度）的； 分層的

例句 1:  But the problems of perpetuating a hierarchical society go deeper than this.

例句 2:  Neither has authoritative leaders or a formal hierarchical structure.

8)     structure  (N./V.) 結構； 構造； 建築物； 體系；構成，排列； 安排

例句 1:  The chemical structure of this particular molecule is very unusual. 

例句 2:  he feet are highly specialised structures made up of 26 small delicate bones.

9)     access  (V./N.) 入口，出口； 接近，進入； 增長； 爆發；接近，進入； 使用，接近，獲取

例句 1:  he facilities have been adapted to give access to wheelchair users.

例句 2:  You've illegally accessed and misused confidential security files.

10)   resource  (N.) 資源； 物力，財力； 辦法； 智謀

例句 1:  Today we are overpopulated, straining the earth's resources. 

例句 2:  There's a great shortage of resource materials in many schools.

11)     colleague  (N.)  同事； 同僚； 同行

例句 1:  A colleague urged him to see a psychiatrist, but Faulkner refused.

例句 2:  I hesitated, not wanting to tell tales about my colleague.

12)     entitlement  (N.)  授權； 應得權益； 命名、被定名

例句 1:  They lose their entitlement to benefit when they start work.

例句 2:  Tighter rules for benefit entitlement have knocked many people off the unemployment register.

13)     ideology  (N.)  思想（體系），思想意識； 意識形態； 觀念學； 空想，空論

例句 1:  Such an approach accords with the principles of socialist ideology.

例句 2:  To add spice to the debate, they disagreed about method and ideology.