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 TED 財富讓人變得更壞? (4) (英文演講稿) 

演講者：社會心理學家 -  Paul Piff

Some of the first studies that we ran in this area looked at helping behavior, something social psychologists call pro-social behavior. And we were really interested in who's more likely to offer help to another person, someone who's rich or someone who's poor. In one of the studies, we bring in rich and poor members of the community into the lab and give each of them the equivalent of 10 dollars. We told the participants that they could keep these 10 dollars for themselves, or they could share a portion of it, if they wanted to, with a stranger who is totally anonymous. They'll never meet that stranger and the stranger will never meet them. And we just monitor how much people give. Individuals who made 25,000 sometimes under 15,000 dollars a year, gave 44 percent more of their money to the stranger than did individuals making 150,000 or 200,000 dollars a year.

We've had people play games to see who's more or less likely to cheat to increase their chances of winning a prize. In one of the games, we actually rigged a computer so that die rolls over a certain score were impossible. You couldn't get above 12 in this game, and yet, the richer you were, the more likely you were to cheat in this game to earn credits toward a $50 cash prize, sometimes by three to four times as much.

單字：

1)     psychologist  (N.) 心理學研究者，心理學家

例句 1:  Psychologists tested a group of six-year-olds with a video.

例句 2:  An assessment by an independent educational psychologist was essential.

2)     Prosocial Behavior 利社會行為

3)     equivalent (N./ Adj. ) 相等的，相當的，等效的； 等價的，等積的； [化學]當量的；對等物； [化學]當量

例句 1:  With no lands of his own, he was no great matrimonial prize.  

例句 2:  His party has just suffered the equivalent of a near-fatal heart attack. 

4)     prize  (V./ N./ Adj. ) 獎賞； 戰利品； 值得努力爭取的東西；珍視，珍惜； 估價；獲獎的；竭力打探（消息等）；說服…透露（消息）

例句 1:  The vehicle would not have the capacity to make the journey on one tank of fuel.

例句 2:  The vehicle that permitted both communication and acceptability was social revolution.

6)     rig  (N./V.) 船桅（或船帆等）的裝置； 成套器械； 搗蛋，惡作劇； 陰謀，詭計；給（船、桅杆）裝配帆及索具； 用臨時替代材料迅速搭起； （用不正當手段）操縱； 壟斷

例句 1:  They rig their domestic markets in favour of local businesses.

例句 2:  They had not found any evidence of a systematic attempt to rig the ballot.