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 TED 財富讓人變得更壞? (5) (英文演講稿) 

演講者：社會心理學家 -  Paul Piff

We ran another study where we looked at whether people would be inclined to take candy from a jar of candy that we explicitly identified as being reserved for children -- (Laughter) — participating -- I'm not kidding. I know it sounds like I'm making a joke. We explicitly told participants this jar of candy's for children participating in a developmental lab nearby. They're in studies. This is for them. And we just monitored how much candy participants took. Participants who felt rich took two times as much candy as participants who felt poor.

We've even studied cars, not just any cars, but whether drivers of different kinds of cars are more or less inclined to break the law. In one of these studies, we looked at whether drivers would stop for a pedestrian that we had posed waiting to cross at a crosswalk. Now in California, as you all know, because I'm sure we all do this, it's the law to stop for a pedestrian who's waiting to cross. So here's an example of how we did it. That's our confederate off to the left posingas a pedestrian. He approaches as the red truck successfully stops. In typical California fashion, it's overtaken by the bus who almost runs our pedestrian over. (Laughter) Now here's an example of a more expensive car, a Prius, driving through, and a BMW doing the same. So we did this for hundreds of vehicles on several days, just tracking who stops and who doesn't. What we found was that as the expensiveness of a car increased, the driver's tendencies to break the law increased as well. None of the cars, none of the cars in our least expensive car category broke the law. Close to 50 percent of the cars in our most expensive vehicle category broke the law. We've run other studies finding that wealthier individuals are more likely to lie in negotiations, to endorse unethical behavior at work like stealing cash from the cash register, taking bribes, lying to customers. 

came out with a new design that attracted some of our customers and prevented us from profiting from new customers.

單字：

1)     participate  (V.) 參加某事； 分享某事

例句 1:  Over half the population of this country participate in sport.

例句 2:  Canadian forces participate in the United Nations war effort.

2)     participant (N./Adj.) 參加者，參與者； 與會代表； 參與國； 關係者；參加的； 有關係的

例句 1:  A youthful teacher, he finds himself an unwilling participant in school politics.

例句 2:  Each participant gets a chance to take the helm.

3)     explicitly (Adv.) 明白地，明確地

例句 1:  We don't take sides either explicitly or implicitly. 

例句 2:  Hobgood rarely explicitly states the song's familiar theme.

4)     confederate  (V./ N./ Adj. ) 聯盟的，同盟的； 南北邦聯的；同夥，合謀者，同黨； 同盟者； 部下； 美國南部邦聯的支持者；聯合，結盟

例句 1:  The thief was arrested, but his confederate escaped. 

例句 2:  Lincoln issues Emancipation Proclamation, declaring slaves in Confederate states to be free.

5)     vehicle (N.) 車輛； 交通工具； 傳播媒介，媒介物； [藥]賦形劑

例句 1:  The vehicle would not have the capacity to make the journey on one tank of fuel.

例句 2:  The vehicle that permitted both communication and acceptability was social revolution.

6)     tendency (N.)向，趨勢； （話或作品等的）旨趣，意向； 性情； 癖好

例句 1:  The army has become increasingly restless over the mounting separatist tendencies of the northern republics.

例句 2:  Perhaps nowadays there is a tendency to over-think things.

7)     category (N.) 類型，部門，種類，類別，類目； [邏，哲]範疇； 體重等級

例句 1:  After 10 years of negotiation, the Senate ratified the strategic arms reduction treaty.

例句 2:  Over the decade, women in this category went up by 120%.

8)     negotiation  (N. ) 協商，談判； 轉讓； 通過

例句 1:  By any standards, the accomplishments of the past year are extraordinary.

例句 2:  Buyers' negotiation skills play an even bigger part.

9)     endorse  (V.) 支票的背書，簽名； 簽署，批准：簽署（簽名），； 開發票，開證明文件； 支持，核准

例句 1:  I can endorse their opinion wholeheartedly.

例句 2:  The payee of the cheque must endorse the cheque.

10)   unethical  (Adj.) 不道德的

例句 1:  I thought it was unethical for doctors to operate upon their wives. 

例句 2:  It's simply unethical to promote and advertise such a dangerous product.