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 TED 財富讓人變得更壞? (8) (英文演講稿) 

演講者：社會心理學家 -  Paul Piff

So what do we do? This cascade of self-perpetuating, pernicious, negative effects could seem like something that's spun out of control, and there's nothing we can do about it, certainly nothing we as individuals could do. But in fact, we've been finding in our own laboratory research that small psychological interventions, small changes to people's values, small nudges in certain directions, can restore levels of egalitarianism and empathy. For instance, reminding people of the benefits of cooperation, or the advantages of community, cause wealthier individuals to be just as egalitarian as poor people. In one study, we had people watch a brief video, just 46 seconds long, about childhood poverty that served as a reminder of the needs of others in the world around them, and after watching that, we looked at how willing people were to offer up their own time to a stranger presented to them in the lab who was in distress. After watching this video, an hour later, rich people became just as generous of their own time to help out this other person, a stranger, as someone who's poor, suggesting that these differences are not innate or categorical, but are so malleable to slight changes in people's values, and little nudges of compassion and bumps of empathy. 

some cases, because again, these were hidden cameras. So we've provided subtitles.

單字：

1)    cascade (N. /V.) 傾瀉； 小瀑布，瀑布狀物； 串聯；流注； 大量落下
例句 1:  A cascade of mail arrived from friends.
例句 2:  From her tiny waist a crinolined skirt cascaded in three deep tiers. 

2)    perpetuate  (V. /Adj.) 使永存； 使不朽，使不滅； 保持；長存的
例句 1:  This image is a myth perpetuated by the media.
例句 2:  Schools tend to perpetuate the myth that boys are better at sport than girls. 

3)    pernicious (Adj.) 很有害的，惡性的，致命的，險惡的； 引起巨大傷害的； 毀滅性的
例句 1:  There is a pernicious culture of excellence: everything has to be not merely good but the best.
例句 2:  The principle had been pernicious from beginning to end.

4)    inequality (N.) 不平等，不均等； [數]不等式； 變動，變化； 不相同
例句 1:  Blacks have been hurt by racial inequalities in housing and education.
例句 2:  Warren also allows that capitalist development may, in its early stages, result in increased social inequality.

5)    spun out拉長
例句 1:  "Spun Out" is a great example of what they do.
例句 2:  The Pittsburgh-based company was spun out of Carnegie Mellon University and its Robotics Institute.

6)    intervention (N.) 介入，干涉，干預； 調解，排解
例句 1:  That does not require "massive" military intervention, as some have mischievously claimed.
例句 2:  Early intervention is essential for those with eating disorders.

7)    nudge (V./N. ) 用肘輕推； 推動
例句 1:  'Stop it,' he said, and nudged the boy lightly with his knee. 
例句 2:  Governments are also giving the trend a nudge.

8)    restore (N. /V.) 歸還； 交還； 使恢復； 修復
例句 1:  Government introduces emergency measures to try to restore order. 
例句 2:  We need to restore respect for the law-enforcement agencies.

9)    egalitarianism (N.) 平等主義
例句 1:  I'm open to the possibility of egalitarianism in hunter-gatherer societies. 
例句 2:  The Epic offices display a kind of low-key egalitarianism.

10)    empathy (N.)  <心>移情作用； 同感，共鳴； 神入
例句 1:  Having begun my life in a children's home I have great empathy with the little ones.
例句 2:  The nurse should try to develop empathy between herself and the patient.