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 TED 財富讓人變得更壞? (9) (英文演講稿) 

演講者：社會心理學家 -  Paul Piff

And beyond the walls of our lab, we're even beginning to see signs of change in society. Bill Gates, one of our nation's wealthiest individuals, in his Harvard commencement speech, talked about the problem facing society of inequality as being the most daunting challenge, and talked about what must be done to combat it, saying, "Humanity's greatest advances are not in its discoveries, but in how those discoveries are applied to reduce inequity." And there's the Giving Pledge, in which more than 100 of our nation's wealthiest individuals are pledging half of their fortunes to charity. And there's the emergence of dozens of grassroots movements, like We are the One Percent, the Resource Generation, or Wealth for Common Good, in which the most privileged members of the population, members of the one percent and elsewhere, people who are wealthy, are using their own economic resources, adults and youth alike, that's what's most striking to me, leveraging their own privilege, their own economic resources, to combat inequality by advocating for social policies, changes in social values, and changes in people's behavior, that work against their own economic interests but that may ultimately restore the American dream.

單字：

1)    beyond超過； 越過； 那一邊；影響；涵蓋；包括； 在…較遠的一邊；在遠處； 在更遠處；遠處
例句 1:  On his right was a thriving vegetable garden and beyond it a small orchard of apple trees.
例句 2:  His interests extended beyond the fine arts to international politics and philosophy.

2)    individual (N. /Adj.) 個別的;單獨的；個體;個人； 獨特的;有個性的
例句 1:  For individuals, things get a little more complicated. 
例句 2:  So there are different coloured individuals in different habitats.

3)    Commencement (N.) 開始； 開端； 畢業典禮； 學位授予典禮
例句 1:  Today we witness the commencement of that broadcast
例句 2:  All applicants should be at least 16 years of age at the commencement of this course.

4)    inequality (N.) 不平等，不均等； [數]不等式； 變動，變化； 不相同
例句 1:  Blacks have been hurt by racial inequalities in housing and education.
例句 2:  Warren also allows that capitalist development may, in its early stages, result in increased social inequality.

5)    daunting令人畏懼的； 使人氣餒的； 令人怯步的；威嚇(daunt的現在分詞)； 使氣餒； 使害怕； 使失去信心
例句 1:  Quite simply it's orchestral, huge and daunting. 
例句 2:  Perhaps these stone monsters might once have seemed daunting. 

6)    combat (N. /V.) 格鬥，搏鬥，戰鬥； 〈美〉競賽，比賽； 論戰；與…戰鬥； 與…鬥爭； 防止； 減輕
例句 1:  It was the end of a long combat. 
例句 2:  Congress has criticised new government measures to combat crime.

7)    reduce (V.) 減少； 縮小； 使還原； 使變弱 ；節食； 蒸發； （液體）濃縮變稠；迫使;使不得不（做）；使只得； 使淪為，使陷入（不好的境地）
例句 1:  He was reduced to begging for a living. 
例句 2:  They wanted the army reduced to a police force. 

8)    pledge (N. /V.) 保證，誓言； [法]抵押權； 公約； （表示友誼的）乾杯；使發誓，保證； 典當，抵押
例句 1:  The meeting ended with a pledge to step up cooperation between the six states of the region.
例句 2:  The government has now pledged £170m over the next six years for improving primary care.

9)    emergence (N.) 出現，發生； 暴露； [植]突出體，（柑果的）瓤胞
例句 1:  The last decade saw the emergence of a dynamic economy. 
例句 2:  Something similar lies behind the emergence of Wikileaks.